Learner autonomy

Learner autonomy

1. Principles for foresting autonomy in the classroom
   1. Be actively involved in the students' learning
   2. Provide a range of learning options and resources
   3. Offer choices and decision-making opportunities
   4. Support the learners
   5. Encourage reflection

• Nunan, D. (Ed). (2002). Practical English Language Teaching. NY.: McGraw-Hill chapter 14 Learner autonomy in the classroom
• http://www.modern.tsukuba.ac.jp/~ushiro/MA/syllabus04.html

How to motivate students?

1. Creating the basic motivational conditions
2. Generating initial motivation
3. Maintaining and protecting motivation
4. Rounding off the learning experience: Encouraging positive self-evaluation

• Dornyei 2001. Motiational Strategies in the Language Classroom

Types of motivation

1. Instrumental motivation（道具的動機付け）
2. Integrative motivation（統合的動機付け）
3. Resultative motivation
4. Intrinsic motivation（本質的な動機付け）

• Ellis, R. (1997). Second language acquisition. Oxford: OUP. chapter 8 Individual differences in L2 acquisition
• http://www.modern.tsukuba.ac.jp/~ushiro/Seminar/syllabus01.html